Post-Roe, Sex Educators Rethink Their Role
2022-07-20
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1Sex education in American schools has long been a highly debated subject.
2 With abortion no longer constitutionally protected, how sex and birth control methods are taught could seriously impact young people's futures in the United States.
3Additionally, without national guidelines, sex education varies widely across states and local school systems.
4Some states even ban the discussion of abortion, for example.
5Abortion is a medical operation that ends a pregnancy.
6More than half of abortions in the United States are done with medication.
7Some U.S. school systems teach what is called comprehensive sex education.
8The Guttmacher Institute is an organization that supports abortion rights.
9It defines comprehensive sex education as giving students "the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values they need to determine and enjoy their sexuality-physically and emotionally, individually and in relationships."
10These programs teach students about contraceptive methods, as well as sexual and gender orientation.
11Some programs also teach students about abortion.
12However, schools in other U.S. states teach "abstinence-only" sex education.
13Abstinence is the practice of avoiding sex until marriage.
14Abstinence-only sex education stresses that waiting to have sex until marriage is the only sure way to avoid sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancy.
15Many abstinence-only programs do not teach students about contraceptives, or birth control methods, like condoms or pills.
16Other sex education programs teach about contraceptives but still stress abstinence as the safest method.
17The nonprofit reproductive healthcare organization Planned Parenthood says there are seven states that ban abortion.
18In 12 states, abortion is legal but severely restricted. Eight other states have legalized abortion but restricted access.
19Eva Goldfarb is a sex education researcher and professor of public health at Montclair State University.
20She said the states that ban or restrict abortion are usually the same ones that stress abstinence-only sex education.
21"So the same people who want to limit access to abortion are also creating a situation in which there will be more unintended pregnancies and need for abortion," she said.
22Christine Soyong Harley is the director of the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS), which supports comprehensive sex education.
23She argued that abstinence programs pressure young people to avoid sex through misinformation.
24Abstinence-only programs lead students "to believe that if they engage in premarital sexual activity or if they identify as non-heterosexual, they will be found worthless by society."
25Supporters of abstinence-based sex education however, point to some studies that support its effectiveness.
26But research from the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2016 found that "programs promoting abstinence-only until heterosexual marriage occurs are ineffective."
27Ascend is a nonprofit group that supports abstinence-based sex education.
28It says that comprehensive models make teens feel pressured to have sex.
29The group also says that teens who have sex are more likely to do poorly in school, have decreased physical and mental health, and live in poverty.
30Ascend declined to comment for this story.
31Penny Nance is the head of Concerned Women for America.
32The organization aims to "protect and promote" Christian values and conservative beliefs.
33She told NPR that some sex education programs "are surrendering to the idea that teenagers will be sexually active. We, as a culture, can do better."
34Wendy Sellers is a sex educator in Michigan who advises the state's sex education advisory boards.
35The boards, made up of parents and community members, set sex education study programs for school systems.
36In Michigan, like in seven other states, it is against the law to talk about abortion in schools.
37Sellers said that if a student asks about abortion, teachers can only give a general answer.
38Teachers can explain that there are limits on what they are permitted to discuss in the classroom.
39"I'm a big proponent of answering every question a student asks," Sellers added.
40"The law has always been problematic. Clearly, it's politically and religiously motivated to not answer questions about that topic."
41Jamie Sebring teaches health and sex education in a middle school in Iowa, where abortion is permitted to be discussed in the classroom.
42But she said the subject is not part of the study program and is only discussed when a student asks a question about it.
43"I don't bring it up and actively teach it ... because I've had parents bring that up quite a bit with me," she said.
44Sebring added that school officials avoid teaching the topic partly out of fear of upsetting students' parents.
45Now that abortion is banned in some states, women and girls that seek abortions could face legal troubles.
46"I think that it is even more important for people who are living in states that have abortion bans to understand the laws related to accessing abortion care," Harley said.
47Goldfarb, the Montclair State professor, said access to reliable and accurate information on sex and sexuality is more important than ever.
48She pointed out that states have moved to ban discussion of LGBTQ topics in schools, like Florida's "Don't Say Gay" law.
49Other states have introduced similar bills as well.
50"There is an all-out assault on sex education that is much, much, much broader than just the abortion issue," Goldfarb said.
51I'm Faith Pirlo.
52And I'm Dan Novak.
1Sex education in American schools has long been a highly debated subject. With abortion no longer constitutionally protected, how sex and birth control methods are taught could seriously impact young people's futures in the United States. 2Additionally, without national guidelines, sex education varies widely across states and local school systems. Some states even ban the discussion of abortion, for example. Abortion is a medical operation that ends a pregnancy. More than half of abortions in the United States are done with medication. 3Comprehensive vs. abstinence 4Some U.S. school systems teach what is called comprehensive sex education. The Guttmacher Institute is an organization that supports abortion rights. It defines comprehensive sex education as giving students "the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values they need to determine and enjoy their sexuality-physically and emotionally, individually and in relationships." 5These programs teach students about contraceptive methods, as well as sexual and gender orientation. Some programs also teach students about abortion. 6However, schools in other U.S. states teach "abstinence-only" sex education. Abstinence is the practice of avoiding sex until marriage. Abstinence-only sex education stresses that waiting to have sex until marriage is the only sure way to avoid sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancy. 7Many abstinence-only programs do not teach students about contraceptives, or birth control methods, like condoms or pills. Other sex education programs teach about contraceptives but still stress abstinence as the safest method. 8Debate over sex education 9The nonprofit reproductive healthcare organization Planned Parenthood says there are seven states that ban abortion. In 12 states, abortion is legal but severely restricted. Eight other states have legalized abortion but restricted access. 10Eva Goldfarb is a sex education researcher and professor of public health at Montclair State University. She said the states that ban or restrict abortion are usually the same ones that stress abstinence-only sex education. 11"So the same people who want to limit access to abortion are also creating a situation in which there will be more unintended pregnancies and need for abortion," she said. 12Christine Soyong Harley is the director of the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS), which supports comprehensive sex education. 13She argued that abstinence programs pressure young people to avoid sex through misinformation. Abstinence-only programs lead students "to believe that if they engage in premarital sexual activity or if they identify as non-heterosexual, they will be found worthless by society." 14Supporters of abstinence-based sex education however, point to some studies that support its effectiveness. But research from the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2016 found that "programs promoting abstinence-only until heterosexual marriage occurs are ineffective." 15Ascend is a nonprofit group that supports abstinence-based sex education. It says that comprehensive models make teens feel pressured to have sex. The group also says that teens who have sex are more likely to do poorly in school, have decreased physical and mental health, and live in poverty. Ascend declined to comment for this story. 16Penny Nance is the head of Concerned Women for America. The organization aims to "protect and promote" Christian values and conservative beliefs. She told NPR that some sex education programs "are surrendering to the idea that teenagers will be sexually active. We, as a culture, can do better." 17Educators' experience 18Wendy Sellers is a sex educator in Michigan who advises the state's sex education advisory boards. The boards, made up of parents and community members, set sex education study programs for school systems. 19In Michigan, like in seven other states, it is against the law to talk about abortion in schools. Sellers said that if a student asks about abortion, teachers can only give a general answer. Teachers can explain that there are limits on what they are permitted to discuss in the classroom. 20"I'm a big proponent of answering every question a student asks," Sellers added. "The law has always been problematic. Clearly, it's politically and religiously motivated to not answer questions about that topic." 21Jamie Sebring teaches health and sex education in a middle school in Iowa, where abortion is permitted to be discussed in the classroom. But she said the subject is not part of the study program and is only discussed when a student asks a question about it. 22"I don't bring it up and actively teach it ... because I've had parents bring that up quite a bit with me," she said. Sebring added that school officials avoid teaching the topic partly out of fear of upsetting students' parents. 23Now that abortion is banned in some states, women and girls that seek abortions could face legal troubles. "I think that it is even more important for people who are living in states that have abortion bans to understand the laws related to accessing abortion care," Harley said. 24Goldfarb, the Montclair State professor, said access to reliable and accurate information on sex and sexuality is more important than ever. She pointed out that states have moved to ban discussion of LGBTQ topics in schools, like Florida's "Don't Say Gay" law. Other states have introduced similar bills as well. 25"There is an all-out assault on sex education that is much, much, much broader than just the abortion issue," Goldfarb said. 26I'm Faith Pirlo. 27And I'm Dan Novak. 28Dan Novak wrote this story for VOA Learning English. 29____________________________________________________________________ 30Words in This Story 31comprehensive - adj. including many, most, or all things 32attitude - n. the way you think and feel about someone or something 33orientation - n. a person's feelings, interests, and beliefs 34transmit - v. to cause to be given to others 35access - n. a way of being able to use or get something 36heterosexual - n. sexually attracted to people of the opposite sex 37proponent - n. a person who argues for or supports something 38motivate - v. to give (someone) a reason for doing something 39topic - n. someone or something that people talk or write about 40curriculum - n. the courses that are taught by a school, college, etc. 41LGBTQ - adj. lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning one's sexual or gender identity 42assault - n. a violent physical attack 43_____________________________________________________________________ 44We want to hear from you. 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